The composition of Greek fire remains a matter of speculation and debate, with various proposals including combinations of pine resin, naphtha, quicklime, calcium phosphide, sulfur, or niter.įurther information: Early thermal weapons and Byzantine navy
Byzantines also used pressurized nozzles to project the liquid onto the enemy, in a manner resembling a modern flamethrower.Īlthough usage of the term "Greek fire" has been general in English and most other languages since the Crusades, original Byzantine sources called the substance a variety of names, such as "sea fire" ( Medieval Greek: πῦρ θαλάσσιον pŷr thalássion), "Roman fire" ( πῦρ ῥωμαϊκόν pŷr rhōmaïkón), "war fire" ( πολεμικὸν πῦρ polemikòn pŷr), "liquid fire" ( ὑγρὸν πῦρ hygròn pŷr), "sticky fire" ( πῦρ κολλητικόν pŷr kollētikón), or "manufactured fire" ( πῦρ σκευαστόν pŷr skeuastón). However, these mixtures used formulas different from that of Byzantine Greek fire, which was a closely guarded state secret. The impression made by Greek fire on the western European Crusaders was such that the name was applied to any sort of incendiary weapon, including those used by Arabs, the Chinese, and the Mongols. The technological advantage it provided was responsible for many key Byzantine military victories, most notably the salvation of Constantinople from the first and second Arab sieges, thus securing the empire's survival. The Byzantines typically used it in naval battles to great effect, as it could continue burning while floating on water. Some historians believe it could be ignited on contact with water, and was probably based on naphtha and quicklime. Used to set fire to enemy ships, it consisted of a combustible compound emitted by a flame-throwing weapon. Greek fire was an incendiary weapon used by the Eastern Roman Empire beginning c. 12th century illustration from the Madrid Skylitzes. A player may have several thousands particles at a time, giving the collection of particles a look of a liquid blob.Στόλος Ρωμαίων πυρπολῶν τὸν τῶν ἐναντίων στόλον – "The Roman fleet burn the opposite fleet down" – A Byzantine ship using Greek fire against a ship belonging to the rebel Thomas the Slav, 821. Each particle follows the shortest path around the obstacles to its team s cursor.
The players can only move their cursors and cannot directly control the particles. The objective of the game is to assimilate all enemy particles. Each player (2 to 6, computer or human) has an army of particles and a cursor. Gameplay takes place on a 2D battlefield, usually with some obstacles. The computer AI s "strategy" is to constantly choose a random point in the enemy and move its cursor to it. A single player mode is available in which the opponents are controlled by the computer. Liquid War is a multiplayer game and can be played by up to 6 people on one computer, or over the Internet or a LAN. These obstacles may affect the strategies of the game. There are multiple maps which affect the obstacles in the battlefield. When the time runs out, the player with the most particles wins. The game ends when one player controls all of the particles or when the time runs out. Since a particle can only fight in one direction at a time (towards its team s cursor), a player that surrounds its opponents will have a distinct advantage. As particles cannot die but only change teams, the total number of particles on the map remains constant.
When a particle moves into a particle from a different team, it will fight and if the opponent particle fails to fight back (it is not moving in the opposite direction) it will eventually be assimilated by its attacker. A player may have several thousands particles at a time, giving the collection of particles a look of a liquid blob.
About: Gameplay takes place on a 2D battlefield, usually with some obstacles.
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